Apparatus for plastically reproducing objects.



W. SELKE.

APPARATUS FOR PLASTICALLY REPHODUCWG OBJECTS. APPLICATION FILED DEC-J4;1910.

1 9 1 55,01 0., Patented Sept. 28, 1915. V

Z SHEETSSHEET 1- W. SELKE. APPARATUS FOR PLASTICALLY REPRODUCINGOBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC- 1-4, 1910. 1,155,010. 'Patented'Sept. 28, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

liar/1L A Ill/III.

WILLY SELKE, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR PLASTICALLY REPRODUCING OBJECTS.

Application filed December 14, 1910.

To all 11'h0m'it ma- 1 concern:

Be it known that I, \VILLY Sanka. a subjeet of the German Emperor, andresiding at Berlin, (iermany, have invented a certain new and usefulImproved Apparatus for llastically Reproducing Objects, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to the plastic reproduction of objects, and aprimary object is to provide an improved apparatus for plasticallyreproducing objects by means of phototheodolitic, 1'. c.photogrammetric' or stereogrammetric photographs or plates, points fromthe photothemlolitic photographs being directly transferred by means ofsuitable mechanical or optical means to a plastic mass.

In the accompanying drawings various forms of the improved apparatus arediagramu'iatically represented by way of example.

In said drzuvings:-Figure 1 is a plan view of one form of apparatus,comprising a microscope-stereoscope, adapted to plastically reproduceobjects from stereogrammetric theodolitic photographs or plates, whichare transferred in such a manner that points in space are determined bythe instruments, corresponding to certain points on the photographs;Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same as seen in the direction of thearrow A in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 shows a detail in side elevation; Fig. 4is a diagram indicating how the scale, on which the reproduction is tobe made, can be varied, and Fig. 5 is a like view indicating how theobject can be reproduced in relief; Fig. 6 is a plan view of anapparatus for the plastic reproduction with the aid of photogrammetrictheodolitic plates, Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the same apparatusReferring first to Figs. 1 to 3, the numeral 1 designates the framewhich carries the two phototheodolitic photographs or lates 2 and 3located in one vertical plane. binocular microscope-stereoscope 4, whichis movable vertically on the guide 5 whose base 6 is slidable in aguide-way 6 in the base of the frame, can be moved horizontally andvertically in a plane parallel to that of the platesQ, 3 and is arrangedin front of the latter for observing the same. A graduated slide 8 whichcan be moved at right angles to the plane of the plates 2, 3 is slidableon the top of the frame 1 and carries a cardanic Specification ofLetters Patent.

Patented Sept. 28. .1915.

Serial No. 597,380.

suspension 7, in whose center a pointer 9 is mounted axiallydisplaceable. An arm 10 is firmly connected with the microscopestereoseope l and is provided at its top end with a cardanic suspension11 or the like. in whose center the pointer f) is likewise mounted.

Obviously, all the horizontal and vertical movements of themicroseope-stereoscope t are automatically imparted by the arm 10 to thepo'nter 9, and as the latter is free to rock in all irections, it mayfor example, occupy the positions S)" and indicated by dotted lines. Theoriginal relative position of the pointer 9, the plates 2 and 3 and themicroseo )e-stereoscope l is determined in such a manner that thedirection of 9 stands perpeml'ieularly to the plane of the plate Qandthat-the optical axes of the observing instrument l pass through thecenters of the plates 2 and Now if f be the focal length of the lensesof the pllototheodolitic camera used in exposing the plates 2, 3, and ifthe distance between the cardanic suspensions 7 and 11 be adjusted equalto the distance f, and if any desired image-point on the lefthand plate2 be sighted by moving the microsco )e-stereoseope both horizontally andvertically, the pointer 9 will simultaneously be moved automatically inspace into, 04 the position 9 and its longitudinal axis will exactlyrepresent the direction of that ray of light which during the exposureof the plates went from the point of the object in question and formedthe corresponding image-point on the plate. Consequently, thelongitudinal axis of the pointer in the position 9 or the extensionthereof is the optical line in the three-dimensional space in which thepoint P which is being sought is to be found.

It now remains to determine the distance of the sought point P in thisline from the vertical plane which is parallel to the plates 2, 3 andpasses through the center of rotation of the cardanic suspension 7. I dothis as follows :The right-hand phototheodolitic plate 3 is carried by ahorizontally movable slide 12 mounted on the frame 1. and isdisplaceable horizontally by means of the said slide in its own plane,in order that the corresponding image-points, which differ from eachother only in the horizontal direction; can be adjusted. The frame 1also carries a horizontally movable, graduated slide 13, the movement ofwhich is the same as that of the part 8 and is determined by the focallength and which carries a bearing 14 revoluble about a vertical axis. Abearing 15 likewise revoluble about a vertical axis is connectedvertically above the plate 3 with the slide 12.

A telescope 16 having vertical wires, marks or the likeis mounted in thetwo bearings 11 and 15, it being firmly connected with the bearing 11while it is freely axially displaceable in the bearing 15. The frame 1has a lateral, horizontal, graduated slide bar 17 parallel with theplane of the plates 2, 3. A horizontal arm 18 having a millimeter scale18, which is longitudinally movable in the direction of the arrows, asshown in Fig. 3 is slidable freely on this bar 17. A carriage 20 isslidable along this arm 18 and carries a telescope 19 which has avertical wire, mark, or the like 19 For the purpose of enlarging therange of vision. of the telescope 19 I prefer to arrange the latter torock, as shown, in a plane parallel with the plane of the plates about ahorizontal axis. The support 20 of the telescope 19 has a short verticalmark 20 which corresponds with the mark 19 of the telescope 19, asshownin Fig. 3. Now when a parallax a (by parallax is to be'understoodthe value, by which the two images of a point deviate from one another,when the two photographs are supposed to be superposed, the one on theother, in such a manner that the twoimages of an infinitely distantpoint coincide) is set by moving the plate 8 horizontally, the telescope16 will simultaneously automatically swing, for example, out of itsnormal position shown in full lines into the position 16 shown in dottedlines. But as this telescope is at the same height as the arm 18, whenlooking through the telescope located in the position 16 the arm 18 willbe seen. WVhen using the instrument the distance of the arm 18 from thevertical axis of the bearing 14 is made equal to the base B, i. e. thedistance between the objectives when the exposure was made, and then thepoint Z at which the visual. ray of the telescope in the position 16strikes the arm 18 is the sought distance of that image point whoseparallax a has been set. the telescope 16 in the position 16, byshifting the telescope 19 along the arm- 18 its vertical mark 20 iscaused to register with the scale division which is seen in thetelescope 16, when the optical axis of the tele: scope 19 will lie inthe required plane. hen the telescope 19 is in this position, itsoptical axis is located in the so-called Z- plane of all image points oflike parallax u and consequently this plane contains the point P whichis being sought in space. It now only remains to look through thetelefield of the telescope 19.-

Now while one person looks through scope 19 to sight the pointer 9 inits position 9" and simultaneously to displace the pointer J axiallyuntil its point apparently contacts with the vertical mark 19 in the Atthis moment the point of the pointer 9 represents the image point 1placed back into space.

Instead of the pointer 9 I may use a telescope and transfer the point P.at which the two visual rays of the telescopes intersect when in thepositions 9" and 19", by means of suitable modeling instruments to theplastic mass. I

The. work-piece or plastic mass 21 is arranged behind the frame 1 on arotatable graduated table or plate 22 which can be displaced on thegraduated table 23 in a direction at right angles to the plane of theplates 2, After the desired number of image points have been transferredin the above described manner tothe one side of the work-piece, thelatter is rotated an angle equal to the angle which another pair ofstereophotogrammetric plates formed during the exposure with that lastemployed, whereby itis possible to work another side of the work-piecein accordance with other phototheodolitic plates.

Fig. 4 illustrates how plastic reproduc tions may be made on variousscales according to my invention. For example, if it is wished to makethe reproduction half the natural size, I place the arm 18 at a distance. 4 8 from the axis of rotation of the bearing 14 equal to half thebase B which was used when the exposures were made. The Z-plane is nowobtained at Z so that the image point 1 is displaced to l and thenatural dimension m of the plastic reproduction is diminished in allthree dimensions to am.

Fig. 5 illustrates how reliefs can be made one-third the natural heightaccording, to my invention. Any image point which c. f]. has theparallax a and is afterward to be located in the plane of the backgroundof the relief is first selected on the plates 2 and 3 and therange'plane of this point is found in the manner described above withreference to Figs. 1 to 3. Instead of the rotatable plate 22, a verticalbackground plate 22 is then placed on the table 23 and pushed into theposition shown in full lines with its face in this range-plane found forthe said selected point. The movable scale 18 in the arm 18 Fig. 3 isthen shifted longitudinally until the zero point of its scale coincideswith the rangeplane, as shown. Any other desired image point, which 6.has the parallax (1 is then selected on the plates 2 and 3, whereuponthe appertaining range-plane 2 e. g. at the division 15 of the scale 18,is found according to the above described mode of operation, and theappertaining point I in space. This point is located at a natural andcorrect distance, (2. r 15 divisions, from the face of the background22. Now when a relief is to be made having one-third this natural andcorrect height. the background plate is placed with the aid of the scale23 two-thirds of 15- divisions toward the front. 1'. at division 10 ofthe scale 22-3 in the position shown at 22 in dotted lines. Theremaining distance from '22" to the point 1 is then equal to the heightof the relief, '1". c. to one-third the natural height. The heights ofall the other measured points of the work-piece are reduced in the samemanner. so that a relief one-third the natural height is produced.Beliefs may also be made according to my invention in another manner.Referring to Fig. 1. if the distance of the axis of rotation of thesuspension 7 from the similar axis of the suspension 11 is made equal to.lf instead of equal to f, when sighting the plate 2. the point of thepointer 9 will move three times the normal distance. so that the face ofthe work-piece or plastic mass becomes enlarged threefold; the naturalcorrect depths. however. simultaneously remain as in Fig. 1, so thatthese are now too small relatively to the threefold frontal expansion.and therefore a. re.- lief having one-third the natural height isobtained.

Fig. (3 shows how an apparatus for plastic reproduction with the aid ofphotogrammeb rie plates, 1'. e. phototheodolitic plates, whose axesformed an angle with one another when exposed. A ground-plate 21 isprovided with a guide-way 21, two slides 25 being horizontally movablealong this guide-way. A plate .26 is fitted on each of these slidesrotatable. about a pivot 27 and carries a microscope fixed to it, aguide-way 2S and a cardanic-suspension 7 and 7 respectively,-the centerof which latter lies vertically above. the pivot 27. The plates 2 and 3are fixed each on a support 29, which support is vertically movable bymeans of a guide-way 30. Each-of the pointers 9 and 9 passes through thecardainc-suspension 7 and 7 respectively and through acardanicsuspension 31, which latter is fixed on the top of the support29 corresponding to it. The two plates 2 and 3 are placed at an angle toone another corresponding to that used during the exposure, exactly aspreviously the stereogrammetric plates were arranged parallel to oneanother corresponding to their parallel position during exposure. Firstthe image pointsof theleft-hand plate? are sighted with one ocular,preferably by a microscope 4, when the pointer 9 swings automaticallyexactly as described above with reference to Fig. 1, in thethreedimensional space and fixes the direction in which the sought pointI is located in space. This same operation is then repeated with theright-hand plate 3 and the direction of the other correspondingsightei'l image point determined in like manner by a second hointer 9.The distance between the cenlerof rotation T and T is equal to the baseIt used during the exposure of thei'il-iotogranrmetric plates. As soonas the points of the two pointers touch one another. the sought point Iis automatically located in the threedimensional space and can betransferred .to the workpiece :21. In this case also one or two sightingdevices. such as 16 in Fig. I. may be employed instead of one or bothpointers.

.Reprmluctions on a changed scale are made by the distance B between thetwo about. by connecting these devices with the two plates and makingthese movable, while the 1nicrosco ie-stereoscope remains stationary.Likewise, the two phototheodolitic plates may be mounted horizontallyand the driving and supporting bearings for the sighting devices 9 and16 may be arranged in other suitable manner. Also, the telescopes 1G and19 may be substituted by metallic pointers. The movements of'thetelescope 19, of the arm 18 and of the various slides may be broughtabout in any desired manner.

I am aware that it has heretofore been proposed to make plasticreproductions according to ordinary photographic plates or photographsby means of a stippling process. 1 am also aware that it is well-knownto measure stereogrannnetric phototheodolitic photographs or plates bymeans of a microsco e-stereoscope and directly to transfer themeasurements to drawing devices, with the aid of which plans or maps canbe made. Also, it is well-known to observe virtual images through alVheatstones mirror stereoscope for the purpose of constructingtopographical 1 phrns; 'I do not broadly claim any apparatus forcarrying into practice these knownmethods, but

I claim':

1. An apparatus for plastically reproducing an object with the aid oftwo phototheodolitie. photographs of the said object comprising opticalobserving inst-ruinents, means for moving the said photographs and thesaid optical observing instruments relatively to one another fordirecting the said instruments on corresponding points of the saidphotographs. a plurality ofmovablc carriers of directional lines andmeans for transmitting positively the said relative movement to saidmovable carriers.

2. An apparatus for plastically reproducing an object with the aid oftwo phototheodolitic photographs of the said object, which' photographslie in one plane, comprising optical observing instruments, means formoving the said photographs and the said optical observing instrumentsrelatively to one another for directing the said instruments oncorresponding points of the said photographs, three movable carriers ofdirectional lines and means for transmitting positively the saidrelative movement to two such carriers, the latter carriers beingrotatable about adjustable points, the third carrier containing a mark,being displaceable in the direction parallel to. the photographs andbeing adapted to coact with one of the said two other carriers.

3. An apparatus for plastically reproducing an object with the aid oftwo phototheodolitic photographs of the said object, which photographslie in one plane, comprising optical obser 'ing instruments, means formoving the said photographs-and the said optical observing instrumentsrelatively to one another for directing the said instruments oncorresponding points of the said photographs, three movable carriers ofdirectional lines and means for transmitting positively the saidrelative movement to tWo such carriers, the latter[carriersbeingrotatable about adjustable points, the third carrier containing a mark,being displaceabh in the direction parallel to the photographs and beingada ted to coact with one .of the said two other carriers. thedependency of the angular movements of this latter carrier on therelative movements of the observing instrument and the photograph, whichboth pertain to this carrier, being variable.

4. An apparatus for plasticallv reproducing an object with the aid oftwo phototheodolitic photographs of the said object, which photographslie in one plane, comprising optical observing instruments, means formoving the said photographs and the said optical observing instrumentsrelatively to one another for directing the said instruments oncorresponding points of the said photographs, three movable carriers ofdirectional lines and means for transmitting positively the saidrelative movement to two such carriers, the latter carriers beingrotatable about adjustable points, the third carrier containing a mark,being displaceable in the direction parallel to the photographs andbeing adapted to coact with one of the said two other carriers, thedistance between the plastic reproduction and the photo-- graphs beingvariable.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

lVILLY SELKE.

Witnesses t HENRY ll-Asrnn, \VoLonMAn HAUPT.

Copies of this'patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0'.

